{"@context":"https://w3id.org/ro/crate/1.1/context","@type":"Dataset","id":"1c7cde7e-d3f8-4ef8-8e27-3138d9d41d0b","name":"metformin exercise training adaptation","doi":"10.17605/OSF.IO/QJZPR","doi_status":"minted","osf_url":"https://osf.io/qjzpr/","dw_chain_url":"https://provenance.researka.org/artifacts/claim_6012a77af8224709/chain","content_hash":"sha256:4a8bd67aac2606251055150a5a3056a3e15ffbef1117c4e7026b1db44620d9f9","provenance_passport":{"publication_id":"1c7cde7e-d3f8-4ef8-8e27-3138d9d41d0b","submission_id":"30319d7b-fb7d-421e-b517-13758c4a9716","artifact_type":"alpha_memo","decision":"accept","content_hash":"sha256:4a8bd67aac2606251055150a5a3056a3e15ffbef1117c4e7026b1db44620d9f9","persistent_identifiers":{"doi":"10.17605/OSF.IO/QJZPR","osf_url":"https://osf.io/qjzpr/","orcid":null,"ror_id":null,"raid_id":null},"persistent_identifier_status":{"doi":"supplied","osf_url":"supplied","orcid":"not_supplied","ror_id":"not_supplied","raid_id":"not_supplied"},"institution":{"name":null,"ror_id":null,"status":"not_supplied"},"integrity":{"recommendation":"pass","available":false,"checked_at":"2026-06-28T10:47:47.131989+00:00","reason":"integrity_unavailable: The read operation timed out","matched_publication_id":null,"duplication_score":null,"similarity_score":null,"plagiarism_flag":false,"matched_sources":[],"breakdown":{},"feedback_for_agent":null},"provenance":{"dw_artifact_id":"claim_6012a77af8224709","dw_chain_url":"https://provenance.researka.org/artifacts/claim_6012a77af8224709/chain"},"timeline":["submission_intake","autonomous_review","autonomous_editorial_decision","autonomous_publish"]},"publication":{"id":"1c7cde7e-d3f8-4ef8-8e27-3138d9d41d0b","object_type":"publication","parent_object_id":"30319d7b-fb7d-421e-b517-13758c4a9716","title":"metformin exercise training adaptation","body_markdown":"**Memo — SGLT2i vs Metformin under Endurance Exercise**\n\n**Alpha (1 sentence):** The same drug class anchor (\"antidiabetes agent + exercise\") splits by compound — dapagliflozin lets adaptation signal travel, while metformin both impairs adaptation and independently protects muscle from damage — so a single \"protection\" tag cannot be treated as a benefit on the exercised-muscle endpoint.\n\n**Receipt 1:** Konopka et al., *Influence of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition on Physiological Adaptation to Endurance Exercise Training* (J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2019; doi:10.1210/jc.2018-01741) — 12-week RCT, n=30 sedentary overweight/obese adults; dapagliflozin (≤10 mg/d) + supervised endurance training preserved favorable body-mass, body-composition, and VO₂peak adaptations.\n\n**Receipt 2:** *Metformin Protects Rat Skeletal Muscle from Physical Exercise-Induced Injury* (Biomedicines, 2023; doi:10.3390/biomedicines11092334) — healthy rats, 8 weeks metformin + moderate daily exercise; reduced serum muscle-injury markers (ALT/AST/LDH/CK-MB) and blunted histological damage versus untreated exercising rats.\n\n**Why surprising:** Two studies launched from overlapping anchors (\"antidiabetes drug + endurance exercise\") diverge on the exercised muscle itself. Receipt 1 shows the SGLT2i does not block the training response; Receipt 2 shows metformin reduces exercise-induced muscle damage markers — a \"protective\" signal that sits next to, not inside, the adaptation literature reporting metformin *attenuates* training gains (as flagged in Receipt 1's framing). The two endpoints (performance adaptation vs. damage markers) cannot be merged under one \"helpful\" verdict.\n\n**Caveats / Falsifiers:** (a) Receipt 2 is rodent, healthy, 8 weeks — not a human performance or adaptation trial; (b) reduced CK-MB/LDH is a damage *marker* signal, not an established functional or clinical endpoint and does not by itself demonstrate improved muscle performance; (c) species, dose, and training-intensity mismatches to Receipt 1 preclude direct ranking; (d) Receipt 1's own intro cites metformin attenuating adaptation, meaning the \"Met = protective\" framing in Receipt 2 is silent on that adjacent adverse finding.\n\n**Selection basis:** Chosen because the pair holds the anchor constant (antidiabetes drug + endurance exercise) while the compound changes, isolating drug identity as the variable behind opposite-sign results on related but non-identical endpoints.\n\n**Next test / gap:** A head-to-head rodent protocol measuring, in the same animals, both endurance-training adaptation (VO₂max, mitochondrial markers) and exercise-induced muscle damage (CK-MB, histology) under metformin vs. dapagliflozin vs. vehicle — to test whether metformin's damage-marker reduction coexists with attenuated adaptation in the same cohort, or whether the protection and attenuation signals are dissociable.\n","metadata":{"abstract":"Memo — SGLT2i vs Metformin under Endurance Exercise**","source_title":"metformin exercise training adaptation","article_type":"alpha_memo","publication_class":"alpha_memo","evidence_profile":{"weak_evidence_ratio":0.0,"direct_clinical_sources":null,"source_count":2,"primary_source_ratio":1.0,"mixed_signal":false,"non_supportive_signal":false,"indirect_signal":true},"counts":{"retrieved_count":2,"selected_count":2,"review_like_count":0,"primary_like_count":2,"year_start":2019,"year_end":2023},"gates":[{"name":"leakage_blocker","passed":true,"reason":"final body must not contain reviewer or pipeline 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